The paper identifies communication as the proverbial double edged sword that can be the source as well as the solution to every conflict and advocates for its effective utilization as a proactive and cost-effective approach to conflict management in Africa. In both Figs. conflicts in Africa and the ways that its extant capacity can be enhanced. Cold War : This caused most of the civil wars in Africa. Conflict Resolution in Africa. Conflict Trends in Africa – M. G. Marshall (2005) Page 1 of 28 African Regional Trends in Warfare and Political Instability The modern state system in Sub-Saharan African1 (hereafter referred to simply as Africa) is relatively new; only Ethiopia, Liberia, and South Africa were recognized as independent states Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the US. In principle, the widespread phrase “African solutions for African problems” calls on African leaders to direct their political will in order to resolve their own conflicts, rather than continuing to rely on external intervention and aid. Stemming from the radical ideas Keeping them Conflicts Resolution . The first is the newly established Africa Union (AU), the organisation launched in 2002 to replace the discredited Organization of African Unity (OAU). The AU has so far displayed a genuine will to resolve African conflicts, unlike the OAU which stood by (with the rest of the world) while Rwanda's genocide unfolded. Since then, Africa has struggled to overcome a history of conflicts, which have ravaged individual countries and reflect the continued exploitation of Africa by the international arena. However, conflicts concerning belief cannot always be resolved and must be managed even though no negotiated solutions are appropriate. The results of this research should inform policymakers in the design and implementation of conflict resolu-tion strategies within the framework of sustain-able development. None of the conflicts in the region could be resolved without reference to the other(s). 4. the conflict. "Quality of life"- Is it possible to have a good life when living in a conflict? Some literatures on the subject matter were reviewed while secondary sources were used to embellish the issues therein. Understanding Africa’s contemporary conflicts. Conflicts in Africa: Meaning, Causes, Impact and Solution (Pp.549-560) Aremu, Johnson Olaosebikan - Department of History and International Studies, University of Ado- Ekiti, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria E-mail: johnsonaremu2006@yahoo.com ℡ +2348032477652 Abstract The continent of Africa has been highly susceptible to intra and inter- state The diminishing scare development resources, wars among nations that have assumed different dimensions, the rise in the activities of the terrorists and their networks, inter and intra-tribal wars, crisis over the allocation of values, conflict and crimes along the borders to experiences where solutions to African conflicts have been possible, because of active involvement of all the African parties concerned and African ownership and drive of the ... complicated situations in the history of conflicts in Africa. There have been a good number of interstate conflicts such as wars between Tanzania and Uganda in 1978/79, Ethiopia and Somalia and Ethiopia and Eritrea. When he issued his first major report on … North Africa was a crucial combat zone during both wars. Monograph 173 iii About the authors Dr Annie Barbara Chikwanha is a senior research fellow with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Nairobi. Some scholars and practitioners have sought to define violent conflict on the basis of numerical thresholds, the nature of participants or the ostensible precipitating factors.1 Others point to the complex interplay of explanatory factors, but fare no better in coming up with a a difficult political issue: the question of whether, in Africa, other political-constitutional solutions than the prevailing centralist one may be suitable in terms of defusing the destabilizing political and social tendencies in ethni-cally divided societies; societies that seek to … Introduction1 I am going to focus on one distinctive and destructive form of conflict – civil war – and relate it to failures in economic development. Drought, Climate, and Conflict in the West African Sahel In the West African Sahel—a transition zone between the Sahara desert to the north and the Peace and Conflict in Africa. throughout the conflict into the peace that follows (Clausewitz: 1976: 252). Conflict Resolution. London: Pluto Press. 1998, p. 2. Araoye, op. cit., p. 10. Thomson, A. An introduction to African politics (2 nd ed ). Abingdon: Routledge, 2004, 11. NumberOf.net. “ Number of ethnic groups in Africa ”. 25 June 2014. Williams, PD. “ Security studies: An introduction ”. I n Williams, PD (ed.), Security (ed.) He is a Board Member of the West African Network for Peacebuilding (Accra, Ghana) and the Board Chairman of the organization in Nigeria. Africa’s conflicts, and examine their potential applica-bility to other conflicts there or elsewhere. The Bureau’s efforts to advance conflict solutions in Angola, Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Liberia benefited considerably from information supplied, and actions taken, by neighboring U.S. embassies. exacerbating conflict. Conflicts arise as people compete to outwit each other in order to gain control of the power to allocate resources and the power to be at the driving force of setting the rules of the game. While the symbolic value of the African Union should not be discounted, the AU lacks the capacity to offer the most feasible or effective mechanisms for conflict resolution in Africa. As a continental institution, the broad ideals of the AU do not accurately reflect the relationships among its Member States. Conflict has always had regional ramifica-tions in Africa.What has changed, especially since the 1980s, is the scope and nature of global and regional interconnections. conflict in Africa, such as illicit trade in arms and conflict minerals, are regional in nature and call for regional solutions. Our major concern in this paper is to examine the causes of conflicts in Africa, their impacts on Africa’s development and mechanisms for resolving these conflicts. The paper notes that conflict resolution in traditional African societies provides opportunity to interact with the parties concerned, it promotes consensus-building, social … In line with the African solutions norm, I demonstrate, based on unique data on international mediation in civil wars in Africa between 1960 and 2017, that African third parties are indeed more effective than non-African third parties in finding a negotiated solution to the conflict. ISFiT introduced this type of seminar to create a space for participants from different sides in conflicts to meet on equal grounds for sharing of experiences. He has published extensively on issues pertaining to peace and conflict in Africa. 2. The dream of Africa’s 53 sovereign states to form a United States of Africa was first conceived by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana more than fifty years ago. common quest for a shared outcome and real solutions. This was because of the view that “external military interventions on the continent, even under the banner of the United Nations (UN), tend to bring non-African political influence and London/New York: Zed Books. The critical question then is how we understand the problem of conflict resolution in Africa when the actors, mainly external to Africa, propagate the idea of peace and conflict resolution corresponding mainly to their own interests and view of Africa and the world. Annie previously worked as a key re- With this question in mind students from South-Africa, Guatemala and the Middle East was invited. States were given inappropriate power to wield through the mass supply of arms and ammunition by the key players of the cold war. But some of Africa‟s reputation in conflict management has historic and even contemporary footnotes. In this context conflicts in Africa have been categorised into internal, interstate and internationalized conflicts. Cold war. 9. Regional approach to conflict management in West Africa2 West Africa is ripe for a regional approach to conflict management. Efforts to resolve conflicts employed to 196(83%) Efforts made by who? This paper examines and reviews some potential causes of poverty in Africa. It has been blamed for outmoded values and regressive consciousness, for fostering corruption and destructive conflict And now there is some concern that the problematic in Africa It is held partly responsible for the 'irrationalities' of the development project, for political instability and weak national identity. sub-Saharan Africa is followed by a chapter on some general features of East Africa, including the propensity for terrorism – which is, perhaps surprisingly, found to be much more limited than often assumed and not specifi cally related to Islam. Many factors including corruption, poor governance and leadership, weak Institutions, intractable wars and conflicts, unfavorable trade policies (World Bank and IMF policies), among others are discussed as causes of poverty on the continent. United Nations resolves conflict in Africa by using mediation conducted by the use of goodwill eminent personalities mandated by the assembly of the head of states and government. Conflict is not a new phenomenon in Africa - the last three decades have seen many civil wars and coups d'etat - but the last ten years or so have seen a disturbing ... 1995). This study examined the patterns or mechanism for conflict resolution in traditional African societies with particular reference to Yoruba and Igbo societies in Nigeria and Pondo tribe in South Africa. 1991 and Msabaha 1991) agree that conflict in Africa stems primarily from. Under the leadership of the African Union, we believe that Africa’s regional structures are maturing to the point where they can reinforce national institutions in a growing range of areas, to promote resilience. One of the persistent frustrations for peace researchers is the often simplistic approach taken to understanding conflict in Africa. This assessment of conflict as being controlled by political motives is as valid for the ‘new wars’ (Kaldor 2001) which, as I have noted, characterise conflict in Africa as it was for the inter-state wars that characterised conflict in Clausewitz’s time of writing. 2 Then, we estimate the impacts of land conflicts on farm input application (organic and inorganic fertilizer) at the plot level. conflict resolution mechanisms and the need for strengthening regional organizations both in East Africa and the Horn.3 Discussing issues pertaining to war, peace, and development in the Horn of Africa is often problematic and requires a critical analysis of the situation in each country. conflict. Because Kenya has one of the most advanced land titling systems in Africa, the findings from this country will provide Moreover, this negotiated solution is 242 pages. Conflicts of needs often underlie conflicts of beliefs. 2008. Problems within a country that could have been resolved peacefully now involved the use of arms. The structural conflict theory was adopted as While emphasis on regional management of security issues is not new to West Africa, the concept of the region has been refined and expanded during the 1990s. 10. Africa’s experience over the past decade underlines the extent to which there is no room for complacency. In fact, since 1999 most terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by self-proclaimed Christians. Peace & Conflict Review Volume 4, Issue 2 ISSN: 1659-3995 Peace and Conflict in Africa Reviewed by Sara Meger Abstract Francis, David J. Colonial production, extraverted and coercive as it already was, was ruthlessly reorganized to produce record amounts of primary agricultural and mineral commodities for the imperial armies and economies. problems but to also search for solutions. They help to develop tools that were quite effective in the mediation of interstate conflict. Better understanding of the regional dynamics of conflict has also emerged and is increasingly reflected in policies of the EU and its member states.Though conflict has tended Charter, which stated that members should "Try Africa First" when appealing to an international organisation for conflict management assistance. crises of national governance and from the failure of governmental institutions. Purely internal conflicts are said to be few in Africa. violent conflict in Africa have always been fraught with difficulty. Generally, the conflict resolution methods deducible from traditional African communities include mediation; adjudication; diplomacy, among others (Ben-Mensah, 2004; Ajayi & Buhari, 2014). Since the end of the Cold War, leaders in the Thus conflicts determine the very existence of politics. Likewise many of the new generation of African leaders hailed in the mid- ... mechanisms for managing intra-state conflict should prevent the re-emergence of top-down conflict. She currently heads the Africa Human Security Initiative (AHSI) project at the Institute. the relevant conflict processes and contexts, as well as of the likely impacts of possible interventions. Africa today is afflicted by fewer serious armed conflicts than it was just six years ago, says UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. This time last year, the world was cautiously optimistic that at least some of Africa’s deadly conflicts were on course for resolution. All in all, Africa made Introduction: The Causes & Costs of War in Africa3 After having claimed some two million lives, Sudan’s twenty-year civil war appeared close to an end. • 64% by Local/Regional Government authorities ,17 % Met with opponents • 14% Taken to court, 5% Family sat down and talked to resolve conflict. Contemporary conflicts in Africa are typically complex, yet there is still a tendency to discuss them in over-simplistic, single-factor, terms: for example in terms of ethnicity, resource conflict, borders, youth alienation or poverty. conflicts, and resolved past conflicts) with the Multinomial Logit model at the parcel level. In such cases, negotiation and problem solving are useful to resolve the situation. 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