MTTs were determined by the selection of fibers passing through three ROIs (Figure 1). The stria terminalis is passing inferiorly, medial to the caudate, on its course to the hypothalamus andseptal nuclei. Received: 20 September 2013; Accepted: 07 April 2014; Published online: 22 April 2014. doi:10.1016/0303-8467(96)00042-X, Choi, D., Sudarsky, L., Schachter, S., Biber, M., and Burke, P. (1983). It is part of adopaminergic pathwaythat has been implicated in the reinforcing effects of dependent drugs (e.g., opiates, cocaine and ethanol). Volume of hematoma was measured using ITK-SNAP program (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA) (Yushkevich et al., 2006). However, we found that the global-type hematoma was prevalent in non-reconstructed group (8 of 17 patients) and dorsal type was prevalent in reconstructed group (2 of 5 patients). doi:10.1080/13854040902936679, Han, C., Jo, S. A., Jo, I., Kim, E., Park, M. H., and Kang, Y. Diffusion-tensor MR imaging and fiber tractography: a new method of describing aberrant fiber connections in developmental CNS anomalies. 2020 The Author(s). Theseptal nucleiare located near the base of the septum pellucidum, rostral and superior to the anterior commissure. Nat. Amnesic syndrome in a mammillothalamic tract infarction. A major afferent pathway into the hippocampal formation is via neurons in the entorhinal area. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the size of ROIs (seed, waypoint, and termination ROIs) between the reconstructed and non-reconstructed group. Hum. A summary of the results of DTT parameters for the MTT in the patient and control groups is shown in Table 2. Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Pathologic studies of alcoholic patients with Korsakoff syndrome invariably demonstrated gliotic lesions of the mammillary bodies. The entorhinal area receives axons from thepiriform cortex,cingulate gyrus and amygdalaand "relays" these inputs to the hippocampal formation. Results of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) for the mammillothalamic tract (MTT). Patients were classified into two subgroups: reconstructed group, patients whose MTT was reconstructed in the affected hemisphere, and non-reconstructed group, patients whose MTT was not reconstructed. doi:10.3346/jkms.2007.22.6.1094, Parker, G. J., and Alexander, D. C. (2005). Thebasal nucleus of Meynertcan be seen bilaterally inferior to the anterior commissure. Aggleton, J. P., and Brown, M. W. (1999). Here, we outline how damage to the mammillary body-anterior thalamic axis, in both patients and animal models, disrupts behavioural performance on tasks that relate to contextual (where) and temporal (when) processing. User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Alcohol. Nat. Neuroimage 34, 144155. The significant level of the p-value was set at 0.05. The tract volume of the affected hemisphere in reconstructed group was decreased compared with those of the unaffected hemisphere in reconstructed group and the control group without significant change of FA and MD values. We attempted to investigate whether injury of the MTT documented by diffusion tensor tractography following thalamic hemorrhage correlates with cognitive impairment. It is of interest because neurons in it selectively degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. Sci. However, the tract volume of the affected hemisphere in reconstructed group was significantly lower than that of the unaffected hemisphere in reconstructed group and the control group (p < 0.05). doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.042, Kumral, E., Kocaer, T., Ertubey, N. O., and Kumral, K. (1995). Our full-featured web hosting packages include everything you need to get started with your website, email, blog and online store. We measured values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume of the MTT and size of three ROIs using MATLABTM (Matlab R2007b, The Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). Discrete bilateral lesions of the MTT are rare, probably explaining why this association had not been previously reported. 1), S208S219. (1984). Inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: (2) a hematoma located primarily in the thalamus. The stria terminalis is also visible in two places, in the roof of the temporal horn and in the floor of the lateral ventricle body. 98, 309311. The subiculum, hippocampus and dentate gyrus are collectively called thehippocampal formation. 
Sci. J. Neurol. It is also known as thebasal nucleus of Meynertand nucleus basalis. Med. However, the tract volume of the affected hemisphere in reconstructed group was significantly lower than that of the unaffected hemisphere in reconstructed group and the control group (p < 0.05). Eur. (2004). Imaging 27, 17. The finding should not, however, be surprising. Sci. Neuroimage 23(Suppl. This result suggests that lesion volume did not affect the presence of injury severity of the MTT. The stria terminalis is located in the floor of the lateral ventricle body and is wedged between the caudate body and thethalamus (VA). doi:10.2463/mrms.8.165. doi:10.1093/brain/113.1.1, Hampstead, B. M., and Koffler, S. P. (2009). Regions of interest seed ROI is located at the mammillary body on the b0 map. Neurosci. Regions of interests (ROIs) for the mammillothalamic tract (MTT). Among 22 patients, 5 patients belonged to reconstructed group [22.7%, male: 3, female: 2, mean age: 55.2 7.7 years, lesion volume (mm3): 4397.6 2733.2, K-MMSE: 25.0 6.24] and the remaining 17 patients belonged to non-reconstructed group [77.3%, male: 7, female: 10, mean age: 64.0 8.9 years, lesion volume (mm3): 5153.3 2607.6, K-MMSE: 16.4 9.28] (Table 1). doi:10.1007/s12031-007-0029-0, Behrens, T. E., Berg, H. J., Jbabdi, S., Rushworth, M. F., and Woolrich, M. W. (2007). Brain 132, 369376. doi:10.1212/WNL.57.11.2054, Graff-Radford, N. R., Tranel, D., Van Hoesen, G. W., and Brandt, J. P. (1990). MR tractography: a review of its clinical applications. As for the control group, an independent t-test for determination of differences in the value of FA, MD, and tract volume was performed between hemispheres. In both animal models, and in patients, lesions of the mammillary bodies, mammillothalamic tract and anterior thalamic nuclei all produce severe impairments in temporal and contextual memory, yet it is uncertain why these regions are critical. Gerontol. The reliability and validity of the K-MMSE have been well established (Dick et al., 1984; Han et al., 2008). Likewise, no difference was observed between the unaffected hemisphere of reconstructed group and non-reconstructed group in the patient group and between the right- and left-hemisphere in control group (p > 0.05). (4) no hydrocephalus, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, or aphasia. According to findings for the MTT on DTT by the preserved integrity between the mammillary body and the anterior thalamus, patients were classified into two subgroups: reconstructed group patients whose MTT was reconstructed in the affected hemisphere and non-reconstructed group patients whose MTT was not reconstructed in the affected hemisphere. Subsequently, we used the MannWhitney U-test for determination of differences in the K-MMSE and lesion volume between reconstructed group and non-reconstructed group. The fibers of the stria terminalis originate in the amygdala and terminate in the septal nuclei and hypothalamus. Table 2. In this study, we investigated injury of the MTT in patients with thalamic hemorrhage using DTT. Reconstructed group: T2-weighted brain MR images show the left thalamic hemorrhage and MTTs are reconstructed in both hemispheres. Arch. The fornix is both afferent and efferent with respect to the mammillary bodies providing a bi-directional connection with thesubiculumof the hippocampal formation. Ann. (2002). J. Korean Med. doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<265::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-3, Neil, J. J. Thestria terminaliscannot be seen as it is terminating in the septal nuclei. For each of the 32 non-collinear diffusion sensitizing gradients, we acquired 67 contiguous slices parallel to the anterior commissureposterior commissure line. Methods: We recruited 22 patients with a thalamic hemorrhage and 20 control subjects. Thalamic haemorrhage. doi:10.1212/WNL.36.2.165, Kim, E., Ku, J., Jung, Y. C., Lee, H., Kim, S. I., Kim, J. J., et al. (2008). Notice thepostcommissural fornixpassing inferiorly and caudally in its course to themammillary bodies. (2006). 257, 174176. Trans. Locate thestria medullaris thalami. It enters the mammillary body along its medial margin. The dark vertical bands in theseptum pellucidumare fibers of the precommissural fornix. Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis. Res. However, it has not been clearly demonstrated so far. 22, 425444. Development of selective verbal memory impairment secondary to a left thalamic infarct: a longitudinal case study. Lond., B, Biol. Three-dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Locate thebodyof the right fornix. Many authorities attributed the memory disturbance to these lesions; however, lesions of the mammillary bodies were often present in the absence of the amnestic syndrome. 25, 964968. Lett. They propose that bilateral lesions of the MTT are sufficient to cause an amnestic syndrome. We do not capture any email address. Therefore, in measurement of the FA, MD, and tract volume of the MTT in the unaffected hemisphere, we excluded four patients of non-reconstructed group. Remember that at the rostral level where the fornix approaches the anterior commissure, some fibers split off from the fornix and run anterior to the commissure as the precommissural fornix. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015, Keywords: mammillothalamic tract, thalamic hemorrhage, diffusion tensor tractography, thalamus, papez circuit, Citation: Kwon HG, Lee HD and Jang SH (2014) Injury of the mammillothalamic tract in patients with thalamic hemorrhage. The consistency rate of analyses with three tract turning angles by two evaluators were identical for 82 out of 84 hemispheres (97.6%), and two sets of analyses made by one analyzer (Hyeok Gyu Kwon) were identical for 84 out of 84 hemispheres (100%). Thedorsomedial (DM) thalamic nucleus receives amygdaloid fibers traveling in the diffuseventral amygdalofugal pathwayand sends fibers to the amygdala in the same pathway. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1639, Schott, J. M., Crutch, S. J., Fox, N. C., and Warrington, E. K. (2003). Locate theolfactory tract(left) and thelateral olfactory stria(right). The mammillothalamic pathway mediates hippocampo-cortical functions. (1996). The mammillothalamic pathway plays an important role in oscillatory co- ordination. Contents 1997-Present - McGovern Medical School at UTHealth
The mammillary complex reciprocally innervates the hippocampus and via the MTT communicates with the anterior thalamus from which fibers pass to the hippocampal formation via the cingulate cortex. Restoration of mammillothalamic functional connectivity through thiamine replacement therapy in Wernickes encephalopathy. Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations: what can we gain? J. Magn. In addition, the MTT was not reconstructed even in the unaffected hemisphere in four patients (23.5%) in non-reconstructed group. Arch. 63, 149153. This memory disorder results from a discrete inability to encode and store new memories. Reconstructed MTTs showed the preserved integrity between the mammillary body and the anterior thalamus. Chir. Figure 2. Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. Reson. The hippocampus(also called Ammon's horn) and thedentate gyrusare located lateral and superior to the subiculum. This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking. Its fibers originate in the septal nuclei and terminate in the habenula. Iasi. Clin. The subiculumis the transition zone between the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Philos. FA and MD values of the affected hemisphere in reconstructed group also did not show significant differences from those in the unaffected hemisphere of reconstructed group and the control group (p > 0.05). Figure 1, Layer D: We are continuing in a caudal direction and are now at the level of the mammillary bodiesof the hypothalamus. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Time to put the mammillothalamic pathway into context. Memory is a complex phenomenon. Diencephalic amnesia. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Subsequent studies demonstrated that lesions of the dorsal medial nuclei of the thalami correlated with the amnestic syndrome in alcoholic patients (2, 3) and the role of the mammillary bodies in the memory disorder was largely, although not entirely, dispelled (46). Acute Korsakoff syndrome following mammillothalamic tract infarction. Regarding the FA, MD, and tract volume, we did not observe significant differences between the unaffected hemisphere of the patient group (reconstructed group and non-reconstructed group, respectively) and control groups (p > 0.05). 8, 165174. Diffusion imaging concepts for clinicians. The Human Brain: Surface, Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply.
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